Income Inequality And Unemployment Governance In Nigeria - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 385 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? The different human capital stocks that every individual in a society has creates disparity in opportunity, particularly in the living environment. As the educational level of individuals raises, the ability for maximizing opportunities and, in return, income also usually increases, Muller, (2002), OECD, (2000); Abdullah et al, (2015), Yang and Qui, (2016). However, an increase in the education of an individualrs involvement in the labor force gives them more advantage in the labor market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Income Inequality And Unemployment Governance In Nigeria" essay for you Create order Thus, Park, (1996), argued that an increase in education level eliminates income inequalities in the labor market by for an individualrs more chances of employment. However, as long as training services are rendered to individuals in a country equally and fairly, well-educated individuals can prolong their capital stocks and gain higher incomes, but individuals with fewer levels of education must settle for less income. This situation, observed mostly in underdeveloped countries, to separates the income distribution particular to the training factor and causes injustice in the context of the labor environment rather than the production industries Ferreira, (2001) Afonso et al, (2010). In a study conducted by Fields, (1980) analyzing cross-sectional data collected from Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The outcomes revealed that education level generates differences in the poverty rate at the rural and urban level. Sylwester, (2000) also indicated that public education expenditure increases income inequality by reducing short-term economic growth, but that education expenditure affects economic growth and income distribution are positively significant in the long-term. Moreover, another study conducted by Sylwester, (2002) examining data from 50 countries between 1970 and 1990. He concluded that public education expenditure positively decreases to income inequality gap. Ferdi Celikay, (2016) conducted a study of 31 European countries for the period 2004-2011. The results revealed that a one percent increase in education raises the income inequality (Gini coefficient) by 0.20 percent in the short-run and reduce it by 0.20 percent in the long-run. Therefore, an increase in the level of education affects income inequality negatively. Palaz et al, (2013) also confirmed that having primary education negatively affects income inequality but higher school education reduces the negative effects on income inequality. Several empirical studies have indicated that education expenditure or an increase in education level reduce the level of income inequality. This study will include the education level in its model for the second objective in determining the causes of income inequality in Nigeria in both the short- run and long-run.

The Importance Of Your Personal Data - 1706 Words

Duncan Mills Period 3 English Junior Research Paper Rough Draft The Importance Of Your Personal Data Did you know that you have an online profile? No; not just a Facebook profile or Instagram profile, but rather a very detailed dossier, with information including your full name, age, gender, address, occupation, income, phone number, IP address, hobbies, interests, physical and mental health issues, places you frequent, social media accounts, and much much more. Surprised yet? That s just the start. With the rise of newer, more portable technology, the internet has rapidly started to play a very crucial part in our everyday lives; we can search where the nearest coffee shop is, buy and sell things, message friends, share thoughts, pictures, and videos, watch movies, play games, browse forums- the possibilities are nearly endless, and it is all at our fingertips; however there is a catch... Your every move is being tracked by data brokers, and nothing is sacred. Just by a few clicks, a personal profile, or dossier, can be built up, and sold for money, behind your back, and without yo ur permission. With Edward Snowden exposing the NSA s data logging technology in June 2013, the debate on internet privacy has been brought into the light, and many provoking questions have arisen. Is it right to let companies take your data without your permission? Should they legally have to tell you? Is this a violation of the 4th amendment? Should you have the right to opt-out? Is yourShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Your Personal Data?1706 Words   |  7 Pages Duncan Mills Period 3 English Junior Research Paper Rough Draft The Importance Of Your Personal Data Did you know that you have an online profile? No; not just a Facebook profile or Instagram profile, but rather a very detailed dossier, with information including your full name, age, gender, address, occupation, income, phone number, IP address, hobbies, interests, physical and mental health issues, places you frequent, social media accounts, and much much more. Surprised yet? That s just theRead MoreImportance Of Information Security Training Program843 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Information Security Training The best time to get people informed about the importance of information security training is not when technology were mainly assessable for the top class people in the society, but now that almost everyone has the most sophisticated tool right in their hand. Technology has transformed completely, and several things have changed from how it used to be in the 1990s. Now that more and more people are relying majorly on technology for most of their work andRead MoreImportance Of Data Storage Network Security835 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Data Storage Network Security There would be no need for securing data storage network if you can save your information on the network without anyone altering the content. However, it is almost impossible for you to save your information in an unsecured data storage network and retrieve it just the way you saved it. In today’s world where hackers are rampant everywhere, the need to secure data storage network becomes a major concern for security experts. Over the years, our team ofRead MoreSpiritual Assessment Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesinto practice. The FICA Tool and HOPE Questions provide serve to assist clinicians in the spiritual assessment process. By examining the research done using these tools, it has been determined that the FICA Tool is easy to use and provides basic data on a patient’s spirituality. The FICA tool is both reliable and valid. The HOPE Questions are easy to use and provides details on a wide range of aspects related to multicultural beliefs. The HOPE Questions is not supported by research thereby itRead MoreImportance of Data Collection649 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction This report will give an overview of the aim behind collecting data, types of data collected, methods used and how the collection of the data supports the department’s practices. It will also give a brief outlook on the importance of legislation in recording, storing and accessing data. Why Organisations Need to Collect Data To satisfy legal requirement: every few months there is some request from the government sector to gather, maintain and reports lots of information backRead MoreThe Importance Of Market Research. Market Research Is Important1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Market Research Market research is important because it is essential for â€Å"business insights, measurement, knowledge, and tools that are used for achieving higher levels of market performance and stakeholder value† (Bont Hamersveld, 2007, p. 102). Business insight means that the data has to be combined into information which is converted into insights. Measurement means that the reports should not be subjective opinion and has to be solely based on measurements. Knowledge isRead MoreImportance of Data Collection858 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This report will give an overview of the aim behind collecting data, types of data collected, methods used and how the collection of the data supports the department’s practices. It will also give a brief outlook on the importance of legislation in recording, storing and accessing data. Why Organisations Need to Collect Data * To satisfy legal requirement: every few months there is some request from the government sector to gather, maintain and reports lots of information backRead MoreHandling Information in Social Care Settings1653 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 307 Understand how to handle information in social care settings Assignment composition Assignment overview In this assignment, you will show your knowledge and understanding of good practice in record keeping and sharing information in a social care setting. You will also explain how best to support others when handling and recording information. Tasks There are two tasks to this assignment. A Short answer questions B Guidelines This is a summary of the evidence required forRead MoreEffective Information Security Policy Elements864 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology is used everywhere, no matter if it is personal or business. Although technology has become important for so many reasons, there is also a measure of security that must be taken for protection. Policies are put into place for protection the organization from fall into a pitfall. It has also helped the organization to build better relations with personals, and build growth within the cooperate industry. There a several ways business and personal users can protect their organization. In theRead MoreCypop Assessmsnt Task 3 Essay example1289 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the Importance of CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION Define Data Protection Act 1998 It is a law that protects personal privacy and upholds individuals’ rights. It applies to anyone who handles or has access to information about individuals. The Act also gives rights to the people the information is about. By law, everyone in the workplace must follow the rules set out in the Act and help protect individuals’ rights. It is important to maintain confidentiality on a childcare setting The Importance Of Your Personal Data - 1706 Words Duncan Mills Period 3 English Junior Research Paper Rough Draft The Importance Of Your Personal Data Did you know that you have an online profile? No; not just a Facebook profile or Instagram profile, but rather a very detailed dossier, with information including your full name, age, gender, address, occupation, income, phone number, IP address, hobbies, interests, physical and mental health issues, places you frequent, social media accounts, and much much more. Surprised yet? That s just the start. With the rise of newer, more portable technology, the internet has rapidly started to play a very crucial part in our everyday lives; we can search where the nearest coffee shop is, buy and sell things, message friends, share thoughts, pictures, and videos, watch movies, play games, browse forums- the possibilities are nearly endless, and it is all at our fingertips; however there is a catch... Your every move is being tracked by data brokers, and nothing is sacred. Just by a few clicks, a personal profile, or dossier, can be built up, and sold for money, behind your back, and without yo ur permission. With Edward Snowden exposing the NSA s data logging technology in June 2013, the debate on internet privacy has been brought into the light, and many provoking questions have arisen. Is it right to let companies take your data without your permission? Should they legally have to tell you? Is this a violation of the 4th amendment? Should you have the right to opt-out? Is yourShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Your Personal Data?1706 Words   |  7 PagesDuncan Mills Period 3 English Junior Research Paper Rough Draft The Importance Of Your Personal Data Did you know that you have an online profile? No; not just a Facebook profile or Instagram profile, but rather a very detailed dossier, with information including your full name, age, gender, address, occupation, income, phone number, IP address, hobbies, interests, physical and mental health issues, places you frequent, social media accounts, and much much more. Surprised yet? That s just theRead MoreImportance Of Information Security Training Program843 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Information Security Training The best time to get people informed about the importance of information security training is not when technology were mainly assessable for the top class people in the society, but now that almost everyone has the most sophisticated tool right in their hand. Technology has transformed completely, and several things have changed from how it used to be in the 1990s. Now that more and more people are relying majorly on technology for most of their work andRead MoreImportance Of Data Storage Network Security835 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Data Storage Network Security There would be no need for securing data storage network if you can save your information on the network without anyone altering the content. However, it is almost impossible for you to save your information in an unsecured data storage network and retrieve it just the way you saved it. In today’s world where hackers are rampant everywhere, the need to secure data storage network becomes a major concern for security experts. Over the years, our team ofRead MoreSpiritual Assessment Essay1534 Words   |  7 Pagesinto practice. The FICA Tool and HOPE Questions provide serve to assist clinicians in the spiritual assessment process. By examining the research done using these tools, it has been determined that the FICA Tool is easy to use and provides basic data on a patient’s spirituality. The FICA tool is both reliable and valid. The HOPE Questions are easy to use and provides details on a wide range of aspects related to multicultural beliefs. The HOPE Questions is not supported by research thereby itRead MoreImportance of Data Collection649 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction This report will give an overview of the aim behind collecting data, types of data collected, methods used and how the collection of the data supports the department’s practices. It will also give a brief outlook on the importance of legislation in recording, storing and accessing data. Why Organisations Need to Collect Data To satisfy legal requirement: every few months there is some request from the government sector to gather, maintain and reports lots of information backRead MoreThe Importance Of Market Research. Market Research Is Important1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Market Research Market research is important because it is essential for â€Å"business insights, measurement, knowledge, and tools that are used for achieving higher levels of market performance and stakeholder value† (Bont Hamersveld, 2007, p. 102). Business insight means that the data has to be combined into information which is converted into insights. Measurement means that the reports should not be subjective opinion and has to be solely based on measurements. Knowledge isRead MoreImportance of Data Collection858 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This report will give an overview of the aim behind collecting data, types of data collected, methods used and how the collection of the data supports the department’s practices. It will also give a brief outlook on the importance of legislation in recording, storing and accessing data. Why Organisations Need to Collect Data * To satisfy legal requirement: every few months there is some request from the government sector to gather, maintain and reports lots of information backRead MoreHandling Information in Social Care Settings1653 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 307 Understand how to handle information in social care settings Assignment composition Assignment overview In this assignment, you will show your knowledge and understanding of good practice in record keeping and sharing information in a social care setting. You will also explain how best to support others when handling and recording information. Tasks There are two tasks to this assignment. A Short answer questions B Guidelines This is a summary of the evidence required forRead MoreEffective Information Security Policy Elements864 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology is used everywhere, no matter if it is personal or business. Although technology has become important for so many reasons, there is also a measure of security that must be taken for protection. Policies are put into place for protection the organization from fall into a pitfall. It has also helped the organization to build better relations with personals, and build growth within the cooperate industry. There a several ways business and personal users can protect their organization. In theRead MoreCypop Assessmsnt Task 3 Essay example1289 Words   |  6 PagesExplain the Importance of CONFIDENTIALITY AND DATA PROTECTION Define Data Protection Act 1998 It is a law that protects personal privacy and upholds individuals’ rights. It applies to anyone who handles or has access to information about individuals. The Act also gives rights to the people the information is about. By law, everyone in the workplace must follow the rules set out in the Act and help protect individuals’ rights. It is important to maintain confidentiality on a childcare setting

Developing Thesis Statement Free Essays

Work from the General to the Specific in the Introductory Paragraph of a Five-Paragraph Essay In the standard introduction to a five-paragraph essay, the writer works from general to specific. There should be a broad, non-controversial introductory sentence that puts the reader in the ballpark of the essay. This can easily be accomplished by mentioning the name of the book, the author, the time period, or some other piece of relevant, factual information. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Thesis Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The next two or three sentences develop on the first sentence adding increasingly more specific information leading up to the thesis. The Thesis Statement Must State a Controversial Point The formulaic thesis statement unequivocally states the main controversial point of the essay and provides â€Å"a roadmap† or outline for the rest of the essay. A disproportionate amount of time should be spent crafting the thesis statement. When the thesis statement is complete, the essay is essentially written. Every thesis statement must have a controversial point, and it needs to be stated succinctly. For example: †¢ â€Å"More than anything else, The Scarlet Letter provides a criticism of nineteenth century America. † The Thesis Statement Should Include a Roadmap for the Three Body Paragraphs in a Five-Paragraph Essay Once the controversial point is written, the writer must determine how he or she will prove it. This is â€Å"the roadmap† and, when combined with the controversial point, completes the thesis statement. Because this is a five paragraph essay, there will be three main points supporting the controversial point. These three points will each be dealt with in turn in the three body paragraphs of the essay. For the controversial point above, three points that will prove it may be: Nathanial Hawthorne’s biography clearly showing his disillusionment with the United States †¢ The hypocrisy of America as demonstrated through slavery and genocide of Native Americans †¢ The allegorical nature of the novel itself—using a seventeenth century setting to illuminate nineteenth century America Constructing â€Å"the Roadmap† Part of the Thesis Statement Using Com mon Phrases Now that the writer has a controversial point and three pieces of evidence to support it, it is simply a matter of putting the thesis statement together. Having a list of â€Å"go-to† phrases at one’s disposal will help in constructing the actual statement. These phrases will introduce each piece of evidence in the thesis statement. They might include phrases like: By looking at†¦ , In analyzing†¦ , Through understanding†¦ ; In appreciating†¦ ; By examining†¦, Through evaluating†¦ These phrases can be used almost interchangeably to craft the first part of the final thesis statement. For example: †¢ â€Å"Through understanding Hawthorne’s personal disillusionment with the United States, by examining the hypocrisy of nineteenth century America as evidenced by the institutions of slavery and genocide, and, finally, in analyzing the allegorical nature of the novel itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Add the Controversial Point to the Roadmap to Complete the Thesis Statement All that is left is to add a phrase such as â€Å"one will come to appreciate† before the controversial point. As such, a formulaic thesis statement might read something like this: †¢ â€Å"Through understanding Hawthorne’s personal disillusionment with the United States, by examining the hypocrisy of nineteenth century America as evidenced by the institutions of slavery and genocide, and finally, in analyzing the allegorical nature of the novel itself, one will come to appreciate that The Scarlet Letter is really a criticism of the country in which the author lived. Forming a Thesis Statement Adapted from: Research Papers for Dummies You’ve got a subject (â€Å"human-bear interactions†) and a topic (â€Å"the relationship between Goldilocks and the three bears†). Now it’s time to come up with a thesis statement — the point that you want to make about Gol die and the furry guys. A couple of possibilities occur to you — â€Å"bears that hang around people end up eating porridge and sleeping in beds,† â€Å"both blonds and baby bears like medium-firm mattresses,† and â€Å"humans and bears share forest resources. As you tease out a few more ideas, you search for the middle ground, avoiding a thesis statement that is too broad or too narrow. You want one that, like Goldilocks’s porridge, is â€Å"just right. † As soon as you’ve got a chunk of research, a deck of index cards, or a few files on the computer, take a few moments to reread your material. Think about what you might prove with all those facts and quotations. A couple of techniques will help you decide. Ask questions As you review your notes, do any questions occur to you? Is your curiosity piqued by anything you’ve written? If not, check out the next sections, â€Å"If only,† â€Å"I recommend,† and â€Å"Relationships,† or go back to note taking and try again later. Any questions that pop into your mind arise from issues that are relevant to your topic, and issues are the breeding ground for theses. For example, suppose you’re doing a psych paper on parental influence — specifically, how parental discipline affects children’s behavior. You’ve read a ton of studies that attempt to describe the relationship between parents’ actions and children’s reactions. As you review your notes, you may find yourself wondering: †¢ Do children of very strict parents behave better? †¢ Does a child’s reaction to strict parental rules change as the child grows older? †¢ Does spanking affect children’s self-esteem? †¢ Does inconsistent discipline have a negative effect on children’s behavior? Not one of these questions is a thesis, but each is a possible starting point. Possible because you can’t cover them all in one paper. You have to choose. Right now, suppose that you select the second sample question. If the question of age interests you the most, read your notes again with question two in mind. Look closely at every note concerned with discipline, age, and rules. Put little check marks next to information about children’s behavior — the behavior of those children identified as having trouble in school or with the law, perhaps. If necessary, go back to the library or the Internet for more research on the relationship between discipline techniques, age, and children’s behavior. If you can, do some statistical analysis to see which factors matter and which are simply coincidence. After you’ve finished those tasks, you’re probably ready to take a stand. Express that stand in a single sentence, perhaps this one: Children of very strict parents follow the rules diligently until adolescence, but not during the teen years. Now you’ve got the basis for your paper: the thesis statement. (By the way, the preceding paragraphs are just an example, not necessarily a psychological truth! ) If only Another way to hunt for a thesis is to consider the â€Å"if only† spots in your paper. This method is particularly helpful for history projects. Again, start by rereading your notes. Look for moments when the entire course of historical events might have changed, if only one decision or one detail had been different. For example, suppose you’re writing about a famous incident involving Humpty Dumpty. You’ve read eyewitness accounts, historians’ analysis of the events, and doctors’ descriptions of the injuries Mr. Dumpty suffered. Now you’re ready to make a thesis statement. For those of you who aren’t familiar with the story, here are the â€Å"facts† of the case: Victim: Humpty Dumpty, male egg Physical description: Round but delicate build, oval face, pale complexion Age: Fresh Date of incident: Nineteenth century Place: King’s walled courtyard Description of incident: Victim had a great fall from a wall approximately ten feet high. Bystanders called 911 immediately. King’s horses and king’s men arrived within ten minutes. Entire battalion of horses and men worked on the victim for 45 minutes, but could not put him back together again. After reviewing all your material, you think †¢ If only the top of the wall had been shaped like an egg crate, giving Humpty Dumpty more stability †¢ If only Humpty Dumpty had eaten a calcium-rich, shell-strengthening diet †¢ If only the king’s men had had more training in re-gluing than in military maneuvers The last â€Å"if only† in the preceding list gives you an idea for a thesis, which you turn into a sentence: The emphasis on militarism in the training of the king’s men led to the tragic demise of Humpty Dumpty. I recommend Depending upon your topic, another road to a thesis statement comes from the phrase â€Å"I recommend. † This road is especially helpful if you’re writing about science, social science, technology, or any area that looks toward the future. Review your notes and ask yourself what improvements you’d like to see in the situation or conditions. Then ask yourself what should be changed to bring about those improvements. Here’s this method in action. Suppose you’re writing about fatal accidents. One of your sources is the Humpty Dumpty incident, described in the preceding section, â€Å"If only. As you scan your notes, think about the improvements that you would like to see — perhaps the prevention of shattering injuries caused by falls. What should be changed to bring about that improvement? The addition of calcium supplements to the water supply, a change in the design of palace architecture, additional training in egg gluing for emergency medic al personnel, or something else? One of those ideas becomes your thesis statement: To prevent serious injury, architects should design safer walls. Relationships Another thesis catcher is the relationship question, especially helpful when you’re writing about literature. As you’re poring over your notes, look for events or ideas that belong together in one of these ways: cause and effect, contrast, or similarity. For example, suppose you’re writing about the murder of the king in a modern drama, Macbeth Revisited (not a real play). You delve into English politics during the Thatcher era and decide that the factions portrayed in the play reflect the conflict between contemporary English political parties. Now you’ve got a â€Å"relationship† thesis. The strife between the Googrubs and the McAgues in Macbeth Revisited mirrors the conflict between the Labor and Tory parties in the late twentieth century. Or, suppose you’re writing about energy and pollution. You contrast fossil fuels with solar power, deciding on this thesis statement: Solar energy is less harmful to the environment than fossil fuels. ———————– Here is a very structured approach to starting a paper. Adapted from Suite101. com A bit more on finding a thesis statement within your topic†¦ How to cite Developing Thesis Statement, Papers Developing Thesis Statement Free Essays Work from the General to the Specific in the Introductory Paragraph of a Five-Paragraph Essay In the standard introduction to a five-paragraph essay, the writer works from general to specific. There should be a broad, non-controversial introductory sentence that puts the reader in the ballpark of the essay. This can easily be accomplished by mentioning the name of the book, the author, the time period, or some other piece of relevant, factual information. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Thesis Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The next two or three sentences develop on the first sentence adding increasingly more specific information leading up to the thesis. The Thesis Statement Must State a Controversial Point The formulaic thesis statement unequivocally states the main controversial point of the essay and provides â€Å"a roadmap† or outline for the rest of the essay. A disproportionate amount of time should be spent crafting the thesis statement. When the thesis statement is complete, the essay is essentially written. Every thesis statement must have a controversial point, and it needs to be stated succinctly. For example: †¢ â€Å"More than anything else, The Scarlet Letter provides a criticism of nineteenth century America. † The Thesis Statement Should Include a Roadmap for the Three Body Paragraphs in a Five-Paragraph Essay Once the controversial point is written, the writer must determine how he or she will prove it. This is â€Å"the roadmap† and, when combined with the controversial point, completes the thesis statement. Because this is a five paragraph essay, there will be three main points supporting the controversial point. These three points will each be dealt with in turn in the three body paragraphs of the essay. For the controversial point above, three points that will prove it may be: Nathanial Hawthorne’s biography clearly showing his disillusionment with the United States †¢ The hypocrisy of America as demonstrated through slavery and genocide of Native Americans †¢ The allegorical nature of the novel itself—using a seventeenth century setting to illuminate nineteenth century America Constructing â€Å"the Roadmap† Part of the Thesis Statement Using Com mon Phrases Now that the writer has a controversial point and three pieces of evidence to support it, it is simply a matter of putting the thesis statement together. Having a list of â€Å"go-to† phrases at one’s disposal will help in constructing the actual statement. These phrases will introduce each piece of evidence in the thesis statement. They might include phrases like: By looking at†¦ , In analyzing†¦ , Through understanding†¦ ; In appreciating†¦ ; By examining†¦, Through evaluating†¦ These phrases can be used almost interchangeably to craft the first part of the final thesis statement. For example: †¢ â€Å"Through understanding Hawthorne’s personal disillusionment with the United States, by examining the hypocrisy of nineteenth century America as evidenced by the institutions of slavery and genocide, and, finally, in analyzing the allegorical nature of the novel itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Add the Controversial Point to the Roadmap to Complete the Thesis Statement All that is left is to add a phrase such as â€Å"one will come to appreciate† before the controversial point. As such, a formulaic thesis statement might read something like this: †¢ â€Å"Through understanding Hawthorne’s personal disillusionment with the United States, by examining the hypocrisy of nineteenth century America as evidenced by the institutions of slavery and genocide, and finally, in analyzing the allegorical nature of the novel itself, one will come to appreciate that The Scarlet Letter is really a criticism of the country in which the author lived. Forming a Thesis Statement Adapted from: Research Papers for Dummies You’ve got a subject (â€Å"human-bear interactions†) and a topic (â€Å"the relationship between Goldilocks and the three bears†). Now it’s time to come up with a thesis statement — the point that you want to make about Gol die and the furry guys. A couple of possibilities occur to you — â€Å"bears that hang around people end up eating porridge and sleeping in beds,† â€Å"both blonds and baby bears like medium-firm mattresses,† and â€Å"humans and bears share forest resources. As you tease out a few more ideas, you search for the middle ground, avoiding a thesis statement that is too broad or too narrow. You want one that, like Goldilocks’s porridge, is â€Å"just right. † As soon as you’ve got a chunk of research, a deck of index cards, or a few files on the computer, take a few moments to reread your material. Think about what you might prove with all those facts and quotations. A couple of techniques will help you decide. Ask questions As you review your notes, do any questions occur to you? Is your curiosity piqued by anything you’ve written? If not, check out the next sections, â€Å"If only,† â€Å"I recommend,† and â€Å"Relationships,† or go back to note taking and try again later. Any questions that pop into your mind arise from issues that are relevant to your topic, and issues are the breeding ground for theses. For example, suppose you’re doing a psych paper on parental influence — specifically, how parental discipline affects children’s behavior. You’ve read a ton of studies that attempt to describe the relationship between parents’ actions and children’s reactions. As you review your notes, you may find yourself wondering: †¢ Do children of very strict parents behave better? †¢ Does a child’s reaction to strict parental rules change as the child grows older? †¢ Does spanking affect children’s self-esteem? †¢ Does inconsistent discipline have a negative effect on children’s behavior? Not one of these questions is a thesis, but each is a possible starting point. Possible because you can’t cover them all in one paper. You have to choose. Right now, suppose that you select the second sample question. If the question of age interests you the most, read your notes again with question two in mind. Look closely at every note concerned with discipline, age, and rules. Put little check marks next to information about children’s behavior — the behavior of those children identified as having trouble in school or with the law, perhaps. If necessary, go back to the library or the Internet for more research on the relationship between discipline techniques, age, and children’s behavior. If you can, do some statistical analysis to see which factors matter and which are simply coincidence. After you’ve finished those tasks, you’re probably ready to take a stand. Express that stand in a single sentence, perhaps this one: Children of very strict parents follow the rules diligently until adolescence, but not during the teen years. Now you’ve got the basis for your paper: the thesis statement. (By the way, the preceding paragraphs are just an example, not necessarily a psychological truth! ) If only Another way to hunt for a thesis is to consider the â€Å"if only† spots in your paper. This method is particularly helpful for history projects. Again, start by rereading your notes. Look for moments when the entire course of historical events might have changed, if only one decision or one detail had been different. For example, suppose you’re writing about a famous incident involving Humpty Dumpty. You’ve read eyewitness accounts, historians’ analysis of the events, and doctors’ descriptions of the injuries Mr. Dumpty suffered. Now you’re ready to make a thesis statement. For those of you who aren’t familiar with the story, here are the â€Å"facts† of the case: Victim: Humpty Dumpty, male egg Physical description: Round but delicate build, oval face, pale complexion Age: Fresh Date of incident: Nineteenth century Place: King’s walled courtyard Description of incident: Victim had a great fall from a wall approximately ten feet high. Bystanders called 911 immediately. King’s horses and king’s men arrived within ten minutes. Entire battalion of horses and men worked on the victim for 45 minutes, but could not put him back together again. After reviewing all your material, you think †¢ If only the top of the wall had been shaped like an egg crate, giving Humpty Dumpty more stability †¢ If only Humpty Dumpty had eaten a calcium-rich, shell-strengthening diet †¢ If only the king’s men had had more training in re-gluing than in military maneuvers The last â€Å"if only† in the preceding list gives you an idea for a thesis, which you turn into a sentence: The emphasis on militarism in the training of the king’s men led to the tragic demise of Humpty Dumpty. I recommend Depending upon your topic, another road to a thesis statement comes from the phrase â€Å"I recommend. † This road is especially helpful if you’re writing about science, social science, technology, or any area that looks toward the future. Review your notes and ask yourself what improvements you’d like to see in the situation or conditions. Then ask yourself what should be changed to bring about those improvements. Here’s this method in action. Suppose you’re writing about fatal accidents. One of your sources is the Humpty Dumpty incident, described in the preceding section, â€Å"If only. As you scan your notes, think about the improvements that you would like to see — perhaps the prevention of shattering injuries caused by falls. What should be changed to bring about that improvement? The addition of calcium supplements to the water supply, a change in the design of palace architecture, additional training in egg gluing for emergency medic al personnel, or something else? One of those ideas becomes your thesis statement: To prevent serious injury, architects should design safer walls. Relationships Another thesis catcher is the relationship question, especially helpful when you’re writing about literature. As you’re poring over your notes, look for events or ideas that belong together in one of these ways: cause and effect, contrast, or similarity. For example, suppose you’re writing about the murder of the king in a modern drama, Macbeth Revisited (not a real play). You delve into English politics during the Thatcher era and decide that the factions portrayed in the play reflect the conflict between contemporary English political parties. Now you’ve got a â€Å"relationship† thesis. The strife between the Googrubs and the McAgues in Macbeth Revisited mirrors the conflict between the Labor and Tory parties in the late twentieth century. Or, suppose you’re writing about energy and pollution. You contrast fossil fuels with solar power, deciding on this thesis statement: Solar energy is less harmful to the environment than fossil fuels. ———————– Here is a very structured approach to starting a paper. Adapted from Suite101. com A bit more on finding a thesis statement within your topic†¦ How to cite Developing Thesis Statement, Essay examples

Analysis of the Firm

Questions: 1. Evaluate the various types of customer process technologies with your team and recommend one process technology for improvement and implementation.2. Evaluate your recommendation with the aid of the followinga.Alternative technologiesb.Long term strategic capabilitiesc.Cost of change3. Discuss how the recommended process technology can be implemented in a roject to facilitate the operations of the company. Answers: Introduction The rapid growths over the past few decades in the field of industrialization have provided whole new beneficial aspects in the industrial sectors. The most of the benefits came from acquiring prolific resources via different sources. The significant growth has provided significant increment in the industrial field and the major sector that has achieved huge advantage is the production of energy i.e. the oil and gas sector (Acciaro, 2008). Analyzing the past, it has been seen that only the gulf countries were the most influential that led the momentum to the business. But with the rapid growth in industrialization has enhanced the opportunities of other countries to trade in on oil and gas mainly for the economic development. The huge revenue structures and procedures, oil and gas production has become the most proficient interests to seek huge generation of revenue and strengthening of economies. With this huge opportunity one major drawback that has been crept in is the management aspect. Managerial functions are the key aspects that organize the business operations of an organization. Assessing the huge demand of oil and gas in the present economy it is critically important to evaluate and perform the business operations to generate revenue (Alhawari, 2013). Thus, the management plays a key role in improvement and implementation of various technological aspects. This report basically highlights the key prospects of the managerial implications of oil and Gas Company. The major highlight of the report is to significantly analyze the customer satisfaction factor by the implementation of customer process technology which enhances the organizational improvement. Moreover, the report will strategically evalu ate major recommendation processes based on technology which will enable to improve and facilitate the operations of the organization dealing in the industrial sector of oil and gas. Analysis of the Firm Premier Oil plc is one of the independent oil and Gas Company based in United Kingdom which prolifically interests United Kingdom, Africa and Asia. The company has always been devoted to the upstream and downstream sector for the exploitation of gas and oil as mainly opposed by the mainly to the downstream refining as well as the retail sector. With the constituent of FTSE 250 Index Premier Oil Plc is listed in the Stock Exchange of London (Alhawari, 2012). In the year 1934 the company primarily started its trading with the basic goal of exploring and acquiring gas and oil production. Premier Oil plc faced some crucial downfalls during the recessional period of oil and gas. Premier Oil Plc faced huge complications in generating revenue and profitability. One of the key reasons was the significant downfall of the production unit and over production of oil and gas which led to critical recession over the ratio of demand and supply. This impacted negatively and therefore the company red uced their employees because of the saturation of capital fund (Armistead and Mapes, 2012). Apart from the aforementioned reason Premier Oil Plc also faced complications in the management aspect i.e. the company lacked the potential of strategic implementation and evaluating quality strategies with the effectiveness of revenue generation. The company faced huge complications in overcoming the problems and lacked the significant potential to create a prolific action plan. In this due course Premier Oil Plc also lost quality resources which could have improved the companys business operations. 1. Customer Process Technologies Analyzing and evaluating the current scenario of Premier Oil Plc it can be significantly said that the organization is facing huge drawbacks in terms of various strategic implementation procedures. Thus it is very important to evaluate the drawbacks and have significant measures that drive the customer processing. Being performing its business operations in one of the most competitive sectors Premier Oil Plc must significantly introduce technological up-gradation to boost the customer processing. Although the operations of customer processing were seen as a low technology aspect but currently the process technology has been evident in boosting major services of Premier Plc (Baker, 2014). Check in technology, service delivery etc. have boosted the business operations broadly. Thus, the human element of service has been reduced by the implementation of customer processing technology. There are two types of customer processing technology i.e. active interaction technology and passive in teraction technology. Active Interaction technology: This technology is used by the customers directly. This interaction customer process technology helps the customers themselves to create the service. In this aspect it is the role of the customer to create their own service. Passive Interaction technology: In this technology the customers are guided by the significant controls and processes by constraining the actions in a distinctive way. This actually helps in reducing different type of the operations (Benadada, n.d.). But analyzing the prospect of Premier Oil Plc the customer process technology has to be used in a different way. Interaction with technology via an intermediary is the most influential aspect that can enable Premier Plc to be benefitted by providing more quality service to its customers. The process technology to the customers through an intermediary is much more flexible in nature with the use of specialist knowledge. Dealing with the complex systems of the Oil and gas production an intermediary can act as a major process by which better deals can be obtained by Premier Plc. Through the implementation of Interaction with technology through intermediary can help the customers to guide or navigate the major processes (Blosch, 2011). The implementation of this process can act as a major catalyst to the business operations of the organization providing key prospects to the business operations and providing quality service. The implementation of the process may tend to vary with the bene fits and constraints of the customer processing technological aspect. But the implementation can significantly provide a clear overview about the organizations business operations. Firstly it will significantly allow the organization to facilitate the operations of the service provided. It will also help the organization by interfacing in between the technology functionality and the customer using staff as intermediaries (Editorial, 2016). It will act as a major benefit to the organization allowing much greater sophistication by analyzing the response of the customers along with the option of cost savings in various operations. Overall it can be analyzed that this process can significantly fix the current drawbacks Premier Oil Plc is going through. But, it is also important to analyze the constraints as the implemented technology will only benefit the staffs those are the intermediaries and the interaction with the customers can somewhat seem to be formulaic. 2. Recommendations on the aid of Alternative Technologies: Automation is mostly considered as the key aspect for becoming competitive. But in major scenarios automation can also act as major drawback which creates inflexibility and also sometimes tend to slow down the market (Zanjirani Farahani, Rezapour and Kardar, 2011). Therefore it is important to opt for automation to improve the efficiency in the challenging economic times. Analyzing the prospect of Premier Plc it can be strategically analyzed that interaction with technology through intermediaries can be of good effect for vitalizing and enhancing the business operations of the organization by boosting the supply chain and labor costs (Garstone, 2015). But it is also important for Premier Plc to evaluate the process technology strategy by keeping various options of alternative technologies. Alternative technologies like the active interaction technology and passive interaction technology can also be helpful for the organization to boost its business operation s following the strategic options of process technology. These alternative technologies can also provide quality agility and speed that is needed for the organization to drive the customer process. But it is quite important to choose the right approach while designing the implemented process which will actively boost the organizations business process. Long Term Strategic Capabilities: Strategic analysis plays a key role in business operations and implementation of the customer process technology plays a major role in evaluating the organization business operations. Premier Plc must also strategically evaluate and analyze the strategic capabilities of the organization for the long run. It is very important to have a long term strategic plan which will enable the organization to understand the necessary prospects of the business in the long run (Greasley, 2008). Long term strategic capabilities are the key to success and it provides a significant edge over the competitors in understanding the market structure and analyze the competition in the market. Premier Oil Plc basically deals with oil and gas and therefore while implementation of the new customer process technology it is important to frame a major business plan that will enable the organization to have prolific capabilities for the long run. This will boost the business opera tions of the organization and also help the organization to overcome the drawbacks in a more detailed way. Framing long term strategic capabilities will not only enhance business operations but also is a cost saving procedure for the future (Heizer and Render, 2011). Cost of Change: It is one of the most important aspect that has to be critically analyzed while implementation of the new process and improve the business operations level (Wright, 2009). Cost of change must be critically analyzed mainly to identify the major implementation charges of the new process. Premier Oil Plc has to evaluate the positions and how expensive the implementation of the process may cost. It should be prolifically analyzed in the business plan about the cost of change. The cost of change is the amount that will be incurred for the implementation of the new customer interaction process (Heizer and Render, 2011). The costs of change can exponentially rising or even flattening depending on the implementation that is being carried out. In the case of Premier Oil Plc the cost of change will be on the rising part. 3. Recommendations on process technology implementation to facilitate operations of the company The customer process technology is quite important evaluating the scenario of the operations of the organization. As already explained that Premier Oil Plc is seeking for improvement by implementation of the new customer interaction process it must be prolifically analyzed that it must be done in an effective way to boost and facilitate the operations of the company. In a situation of organizational change in process varied types of problems persist internally as well as externally (JULIEN, DOUTRIAUX and COUILLARD, 2009). In case of Premier Oil Plc the organization must prolifically outline a major business plan that would provide a clear overview about the entire condition of the organization as well as to outline the major needs of the organization. Secondly the implementation of the customer interaction processes also plays a critical role. The management must first initiate the major need of the process as well as outlining the fact about the major impact it will have on the orga nization (Kruger and Ramphal, 2009). As Premier Plc is an organization dealing with oil and gas, the company must provide quality service to the customers and the clients. Evaluating this aspect the customer process technology must be implemented. It will thus help to analyze the ideal need of the organization providing key concepts about the business operations of the country. The customer interaction process through intermediaries will enable the organization to value the essentialities of the clients and the customers providing them prolific service. Secondly it will also enable to analyze the market demand of the oil and gas, as it tends to fluctuate at a rapid cost. The implementation will allow the organization to act as per the demand of the market and also analyze the cost which will enable to them to figure out the major necessities to implement for improving and facilitating the business operations of the organization (Mat Tahar and Hussain, 2012). Conclusion The report based on analyzing and evaluating the business operations of Premier Oil Plc provides a clear overview about the need of the customer process technologies. This actually helps the organization to critically examine the customer preferences and also evaluate the business operations of the organization (Takhire and M.R, 2015). Customer process technology implementation in Premier Oil Plc can provide a significant boost to the business operations. Thus this report significantly evaluates the key prospects of the new technology implementation in improving and enhancing the business operations of the organization. References Acciaro, M. (2008). Risk Management in Port Operations, Logistics and Supply Chain Security.Marit Econ Logist, 10(3), pp.325-327. Alhawari, S. (2012). Evaluating Customer Process to Contribute to Customer Acquisition: A Quantitative Study in Jordanian Banking Sector.IBIMABR, pp.1-15. Alhawari, S. (2013). Impact Evaluation of Customer Knowledge Process On Customer Knowledge Acquisition:.International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management, 4(4), pp.57-68. Armistead, C. and Mapes, J. (2012). The Changing Role of Supply Chain Operations Managers.Logistics Information Mngt, 5(2), pp.10-16. Baker, P. (2014). Aligning Distribution Center Operations to Supply Chain Strategy.Int Jrnl Logistics Management, 15(1), pp.111-123. Benadada, Y. (n.d.).Proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Logistics Operations Management. Blosch, M. (2011). Customer knowledge.Knowl. Process Mgmt., 7(4), pp.265-268. Editorial, b. (2016). Retraction:A new approach to mass customization to modern customer (2014, Volume 2, Issue 1, p. 62-70).J Proc Manag New Tech, 4(1), pp.76-76. Garstone, S. (1995). Electronic data interchange (EDI) in port operations.Logistics Information Mngt, 8(2), pp.30-33. Greasley, A. (2008).Operations management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Heizer, J. and Render, B. (2011).Operations management. Boston, Mass.: Pearson Education. JULIEN, F., DOUTRIAUX, J. and COUILLARD, J. (2009). TEACHING THE PRODUCTION/OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CORE COURSE: INTEGRATING LOGISTICS PLANNING ACTIVITIES.Production and Operations Management, 7(2), pp.160-170. Kruger, D. and Ramphal, R. (2009).Operations management. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Mat Tahar, R. and Hussain, K. (2012). Simulation and analysis for the Kelang Container Terminal operations.Logistics Information Mngt, 13(1), pp.14-20. Takhire, M. and M.R, T. (2015). Evaluation of Effective Factors on Customer Decision-Making Process in the Online Environment.International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies, 6(3), pp.01-11. Wright, D. (2009). Seamless customer handover among multiple wireless access technologies.IJECRM, 3(1), p.38. Zanjirani Farahani, R., Rezapour, S. and Kardar, L. (2011).Logistics operations and management. London: Elsevier.

Inspiring the Uninspired free essay sample

â€Å"Fear not, for I am with you; be not dismayed, for I am your God; I will strengthen you, I will help you, I will uphold you with my righteous right hand.† Isaiah 41:10 Briggs Berry is someone who left a huge impact on me before the Lord took him on September 13, 2014.You would never see him without a smile on his precious face.â€Å"It’s going to get worse before it gets better,† were the words that Briggs had spoken to me before he went into the hospital for the final time before he was going to be a normal kid again. I sit here and wonder when it is going to better and when the pain is going to go away but only Briggs and God will know the answer to that question. I look up to him and wonder every day how he had so much faith, strength, and courage. We will write a custom essay sample on Inspiring the Uninspired or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He kept on and lived every day, as nothing was wrong. I always asked â€Å"Briggs, how are you so strong in such a tough situation?† His answer was always â€Å"God.† God played such a huge role in the Berry family. You would always hear his mom, DeAnna, reading bible verses to Briggs and saying prayers over him. The doctors always would tell them that they didn’t think that their son would make it through the night but miracles happened and they said it was only because they have such strong faith. Briggs had overcome so many miracles except God realized that He needed him more than we needed him down here on earth. He made me realize that life is so fragile and that I always need to have faith in the Lord. I have to keep reminding myself that everything happens for a reason but right now I just don’t understand what that reason is. I have become such a stronger individual ever since I met Briggs. I don’t know where I would be right now in my life if it weren’t for him. Briggs Berry will always be such an inspiration to me.

Vocabulary Week 1 Essays - Language, Learning To Read, Lexicography

Vocabulary Week 1 Essays - Language, Learning To Read, Lexicography Vocabulary Week 1 Antebellum: Before war Antigovernment: Against the government Bi weekly: appearing or taking place every two weeks or twice a week. Circumnavigate: go around or across (something). Connection: Anything that connects Define: state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of. Discharge: tell (someone) officially that they can or must leave, in particular. Equity: the quality of being fair and impartial. Extraordinary: very unusual or remarkable. International: existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations. Introduce: bring (something, especially a product, measure, or concept) into use or operation for the first time. Malnourished: suffering from malnutrition. Misconception: a view or opinion that is incorrect because it is based on faulty thinking or understanding. Non Existent: not existing, or not real or present. Postgame: After the game Pregame: Before the game Semicircle: Half a circle Subway: an underground electric railroad. Superhero: a benevolent fictional character with superhuman powers Synergy: the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations Triangle: Three sides of a triangle Unbelievable: not able to be believed Vocabulary Week 2 Anarchy: a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority. Haggard: Always exhausted or tired Homicide: Murder Musician: Professional music player Adrenalitis: Inflammation of the adrenal gland. Aquamarine: a precious stone consisting of a light bluish-green variety of beryl. Audible: capable of being heard Antebellum: Before war Capacity: the ability to hold Decide: To cut off uncertainty Biodiversity: the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat Autopilot: a cognitive state in which you act without self-awareness Export: sell or transfer abroad Inscription: a short dedication written in a book or engraved on something, Anthropology: science dealing with the origin, races, customs, and beliefs of humankind Dictate: issue commands or orders for Credential: a document that proves a person is believable Century: is a period of time equal to one-hundred years. Neologism: a newly invented word or phrase Adequate: If you have an adequate amount of something, it is either enough or just enough. Accede: assent or agree to a demand, request, or treaty. Dismiss: to send someone out Centrifugal: tending to move away from a center Bibliography: list of books Anthropology: the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings Vocabulary Week 3 Homosapien: Human Kind Spectacular: Looks amazing Abduct: To kidnap Deference: Show respect Pendulum: A weight hung from a fixed point to sway Microbe: A germ Hydrate: Activated by water Photobiotic: Requires light to live Panacea: A cure for Illness Pentagon: Five sided shape Television: Watch TV from far away Video: Watching TV Omniana: Bits of information Excel: To surpass Polynomial: Many numbers Recycle: To use it again Hypochrosis: Lack of hemogoblin Pseudosim: A tendency to that which is false Neural: Nerve Craniatomy: Remove of the skull Hematic: Contains blood Proto Robot: Earliest form of a robot Polyphonic: Many sounds Monomial: One number Vital: Relating to life Vocabulary Week 4 Morph: Change shape Vest: Inside shirt Benefit: An advantage Corpse: Dead body Patriarch: Head of the family Noveu: French for new Punctuation: Ending of a sentence Eject: Throw out Diction: Choice of words Locomotion: Movement from place to place Adoxal: Without the right reason Amphibious: Capable of living in water and without Magnanimously: Generously Eulogy: Words of praise Endocardial: Within the heart Aerophobia: Scared of being in the air Orthodontist: Dentist that straightens teeth Verify: To check if its true Matriarch: Head of the family Mega Soda: Large Soda Populace: The people Sanguinary: Bloodthirsty Vocabulary Week 5 Vital: Required to live Democracy: Government of the people Stereotype: To fix in lasting form Alcoholism: Addiction to alcohol Recognition: The state of being noticed Surcharge: Over the price Alternative: Different Asterisk: Tiny star Dynamite: If triggered, it can make an explosion Chronic: Continuing for a long time Hypercritical: Too demanding Demilune: Half moon Octagon: Eight sided shape Autogyro: An airplane that can fly itself Contradict: Opposite Geocentric: Earth was the centre Heliocentric: Sun was the centre Thermostat: Regulates temperature Tetragon: Four sided shape Centimeter: 1/100 of a meter Bioscope: Measuring time Unison: All the sounds at the same time Decagon: Ten sided shape Stellar: Stars Amateur: Someone who is new to an activity that he/she likes

Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Diversity Management - Essay Example This discussion stresses that different types of discrimination reflect the aspects which were mentioned while exploring the notion of diversity. In other words, a person can be discriminated again because of featuring a particular characteristic. For example, a company may be willing to employ young employees since they have a better physical condition, are generally better at adopting new technology and can find common language with the clients. With this in mind, some employers might be willing to dismiss employees only because they are â€Å"too old†. As the paper states the people who belong to the majority provide the employees who represent the minority with worse working conditions and do not allow them to be promoted. In spite of the fact that there is no explicit mentioning that a person who qualify for promotion should belong to a particular race, it becomes obvious that some races receive better jobs and others – do not. A similar situation in a pharmacy sto re in the United State: the African American employees were often assigned to less desirable stores and had to work in conditions that were worse than their white counterparts. As one can clearly see the employer did not want the people from a different race to be successful on the job. Another example is found in the UK with a police office of colour being denied of promotion for racist reasons. Nowadays, the equality of genders is something that is being widely promoted and is supported by the applicable legislation. In spite of the fact that a gender gap exists, it is closing slowly, but surely.

HISTORY - choose 1 of the questions to answer Essay

HISTORY - choose 1 of the questions to answer - Essay Example This paper will talk about the conditions that led to the provision of the Compromise of 1850. The paper will also talk about the issues that this compromise left unsettled. By 1850, there were just 14% of slaves present in the entire populace of the United States (Baxamusa 1). Slavery and the slave trade became nearly absent in the northern states. However, there were roughly 51% slaves still present in Mississippi and 58% in South Carolina. Mid September of 1850, the United States Congress, took a number of measures to resolve the issues concerning slavery and forestall Secession. The country, therefore, created the Compromise of 1850. Missouri developed into a state in 1818 (Baxamusa 1). However, the settlers wanted the region to continue being a slave state. The political leaders of the north states, in contrast, did not fancy a slave state. Maine, during the same year, also wanted to be acknowledged as a state under the Union. Thus, in 1820, an accord referred to as the Missouri Compromise was reached, which permitted Missouri to continue being a slave state. Maine, nevertheless, was a slave-free state. This brought about division in the country splitting the nation into two (Baxamusa 1). The southerners, after the Missouri Compromise, carried out all their affairs alone leaving out the northerners. The northerners, however, wanted to unite every state in the United States. After three decades of the Missouri Compromise, California requested to be included in the Union ruling out slavery. However, the Missouri Compromise also split California into two. This dilemma became even more complex owing to the unsettled question of slavery's expansion into other regions, which were offered by Mexico in 1848. Political leaders of the north could not settle on whether or not they should allow California enter as a free state (Baxamusa 1). However, a United States Senator, Henry Clay, from Kentucky was determined to get a resolution to the crisis. Clay, at the age of 70, presented a negotiation on 29th January, 1850. This conciliation consisted of five bills, which would help resolve the nervousness between the free states of the North slave and the states from the South. Texas’ debt to Mexico was one of the leading circumstances, which lead to the 1850 Compromise (Baxamusa 1). The compromise confirmed that Texas would give up the land in dispute. As a way of compensation, Texas would be offered $10 million, which could be used to settle its debt to Mexico. Territorial disputes between New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah were also vital circumstances that led to the creation of the 1850 Compromise. The country wanted to organize the territories of New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah without incorporating slavery in the matter. The United States congress wanted to find a way through which the inhabitants of these areas would decide upon slave trade and slavery when they wanted to be accepted as states (Baxamusa 1). Slavery in the Distri ct of Columbia was also a crucial matter that led to the formation of this compromise. Northern congressmen previously wanted the slave activity in the District of Columbia to be abolished, but slavery was still allowed. California also wanted to be incorporated as a free state to the United States.

Semester Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semester Project - Assignment Example The restaurant’s cookery is no longer up to standard, and a high quantity of food has been wasted for the reason that there is significant decrease in demand from our customers. Lindsay, the senior chef, mistreats the two employees by putting much pressure on the amount of work they should do per day. David and Kingston perform cooking, cleaning and serving customers roles against their agreement with the company only to cook. This pressure at work has led to a lot of fatigue and their energy wasting away. Their health is at risk and is deteriorating day by day. The two have gotten to the peak and were almost quitting their jobs. The attitude of these employees towards their supervisor is negative; thus, making them be careless at work in rendering services. This has drastically pulled down the Ummedda Restaurant’s profile after a report on its inefficiency in customer service was published on the Daily Newspaper (Mejia, Balkin & Cardy n.p). As the company’s manager, I feel like the senior chef is the failure. She has proved incompetent in handling her juniors and portraying the right leadership skills. Lindsay has failed by trying to discipline the employees without consulting. On the other hand, David and Kingston’s rights have been violated according to the company’s policies. The two have faced workplace bullying that has negatively influenced their mental and physical health. Above all, all these employees have failed to report to the authority of the problem and its cause; thus, failure is on both parties. Currently, my image as a restaurant manager is badly tarnished due to the numerous criticisms that I face from the public out of the scenarios at the workplace based on the determination of the cause of the problems. Claims are that there is a lack the necessary management skills and as a manager, I should consider going for further training. In most occasions, I have been

Key Factors That Stimulate Economic Growth Economics Essay

Key Factors That Stimulate Economic Growth Economics Essay Firstly, one of the main determinants is capital. As a result, an increase in capital through investment will increase output. Investment will only raise output depending on the productivity of this new capital which is called marginal efficiency of capital. Physical capital is essential as workers are more productive and they are able to work more quickly and accurately by having the right tools. Furthermore, the quality of labour (education) determines human capital. Investing in education is similar to investing in physical capital. Consequently, investing in secondary schooling is considered one of the most effective ways that developing countries can increase their growth. Also, this is also showed in the UK budget 2010 where they are giving 20,000 additional places at undergraduates as it is seen as vital to the economic recovery (telegraph, 2010). Figure 1 shows the student test scores versus GDP per capita. The correlation between GDP and test scores, although not perfect, is strong (economic growth, pg.179). Countries that devote a large share of GDP to schooling, such as UK and Singapore, tend to have high growth rates. Countries that devote a small share of GDP, such as Mozambique and Nigeria, tend to have low growth rates. Figure 1: Student Test Scores vs GDP per Capita In addition, human Capital includes the size of the labour force. If there is an increase in the working population then there will be an increase in potential output. Population growth has a positive impact on GDP as more people bring stimulus to demand, investment and income. Since 1945, labour input has risen mainly because more women have joined the labour force (Begg, pg. 517) Both physical and human capital directly impact on the productive capacity of an economy, as there are more resources available. They are complements of each other as one cannot work with a tool if one does not have sufficient education and skills. For example, after the 2nd World War in Germany, physical capital (land, infrastructure) was destroyed, but the skills of the labour force allowed Germany to be one of the countries that recovered most rapidly after 1945 (Begg). Moreover, growth per capita was very small in the past but after the 1750 industrialisation the capital and knowledge that was gained by one generation was accumulated by the next and this resulted in a much increased GDP (Economist). This shows that both types of capital are essential for economic growth. Moreover, natural resources also contribute to economic growth but there is a limit as to how much can be exploited. For instance, oil is a non-renewable resource and when it is depleted, we will not be able to create more. Also, the land that a specific country owns will always stay the same, unless it is conquered by another country. Therefore, natural resources contribute to the economic growth but they are not necessary for an economy to be highly productive. For instance, Japan is one of the richest countries but does not have many natural resources (Mankiw and Taylor, pg. 508). Furthermore, technology is another key determinant of economic growth. The new growth theories examine factors that à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"determine why technology, research, innovation and the like are undertaken and how they interactà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  (LeRoy). Technological improvements (such as computers) increase the marginal efficiency of capital (which is the additional output resulting from the use of an additional unit of capital) and new machines give a higher rate of return as technology can replace workers. Innovation also allows us to transform objects into forms that provide greater growth. The New Growth Theory also implies that we continue to increase living standards by steadily improving our knowledge of how to produce more and better goods and services with ever smaller amounts of physical resources (Grossman and Helpman, 1994). Knowledge and education are equally important. Romer (1968) argues that production and manufacturing knowledge is just as important as other determinants. He believes that knowledge is itself a factor of production and economies should invest in it, just as they invest in capital and machines. This is why knowledge and education will affect economies in a long term as more people will be able to contribute ideas, invent new products and build on ideas of others for the economy to move forward. Figure 2 shows the productivity (GDP per worker) levels in 1993. For decades, UK has invested a smaller proportion than other countries. Few of the causes of this poor performance comparing with other countries are that: UK had been slow to exploit the commercial potential of new technologies, the workforce had not had the skills necessary to adapt to changing economic conditions and to innovate and the amount of investment has been poor comparing with international standards (Treasury). Since then, UK has increased investment in human capital, technology and innovation. This resulted in Figure 3, where the reduction in the UKà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s output per worker gap with France, Germany and the US from 1995 to 2005 (after 10 years) is showed. The treasury reported that UK in 2006 was now experiencing its longest period of combined productivity and employment growth since the 1950s. Figure 2: Productivity (GDP per worker) levels in 1993 Figure 3: International comparisons of output per worker (treasure, pg.3) It is also reasonable to expect that, if other things equal, a greater commitment to innovation and research and development will accelerate technical progress and hence productivity growth (Economic Growth in Modern Britain, pg. 45). This is due to increasing use of technology that enables introduction of new and superior products and processes. This role has been emphasised by various growth models and many studies (Fagerberg, 1987; Lichtenberg, 1992; Ulku, 2004 (working paper)). However, RD is quite risky because the economy does not know how much to invest in it and if they will actually find something new. This is why an economy needs to have a skilled and educated labour force in order to succeed in RD. In the pre-budget of 2009, UK has more than doubled public investment and encouraged private sector investment through the RD tax credit. The Government has announced that it will introduce a Patent Box to strengthen the incentives to invest in innovative industries and ensure the UK remains an attractive location for innovation. (innovation pg. 66) Another major contributor to economic growth is investment and savings. Solowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Growth Model emphasises the importance of investment in an economy (Working paper). Most determinants of economic growth depend on investment like: capital, education and technology. In order for capital goods to be accumulated to produce greater quantities of consumer goods in the future, consumer goods have to be given up in the present. For growth to occur the level of investment has to be greater than the amount of depreciation. The higher the level of investment above depreciation, the greater the potential output of the economy in the future. Unfortunately, the resources to enable investment have to come from somewhere and this is achieved by an increase in savings by households. Higher saving rates contribute to higher investment and hence increase capital accumulation and economic growth. The analysis above gives the traditional Production Possibility Frontier(PPF) model of economic growth. In the figure below, a country starting with high levels of current consumption will have few resources available for investment. Its PPF will increase only slowly, if at all. A country succeeding in restricting consumption today will have an expanded PPF in the future, and can move to a point of higher consumption and higher economic growth (factors determining economic growth). Figure 4: Production Possibility Frontier Free trade also supports economic growth as it encourages a more rapid spread of technology and industrial ideas. Open markets affect economic growth through several channels such as exploitation of comparative advantage, technology transfer and diffusion of knowledge, increasing scale economies and exposure to competition (working paper). Poor countries that are open grow faster on average than rich countries because openness leads to economic convergence and the speedup of growth (graph pg. 326 table 11.1). In figure 5, we can examine the economic opening of Japan in 1858. It shows the price of two goods, tea and sugar, which before the opening were equally valuable. However, as soon as Japan began to trade, the price of tea rose and of sugar fell. Japan could now export tea at a higher price and import sugar without processing it domestically. It had a comparative advantage in the production of tea and within two decades was exporting 24 million pounds of it annually. By increasing competition between countries, efficiency improves and it increases the incentives for technological innovation. Trade encourages economies to discover ways to specialise so that they can become more productive and earn higher incomes. However, not all economies can benefit from free trade because they do not all have the means to technological progress or enough knowledge. In conclusion, economic growth is an important topic because it has such a significant impact on the welfare of many people. It is a field of active research, in which ideas are constantly being processed; new models are built, debated and tested. One can see that all determinants are interlinked and contribute to a long-term economic growth.

The Mexican War by Otis A. Singletary Essay -- essays research papers

This book by Otis A. Singletary deals with different aspects of the Mexican war. It is a compelling description and concise history of the first successful offensive war in United States military history. The work examines two countries that were unprepared for war. The political intrigues and quarrels in appointing the military commanders, as well as the military operations of the war, are presented and analyzed in detail. The author also analyzes the role that the Mexican War played in bringing on the U.S. Civil War. The Mexican-American War of the 1840s, precipitated by border disputes and the U.S. annexation of Texas, ended with the military occupation of Mexico City by General Winfield Scott. In the subsequent treaty, the United States gained territory that would become California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mr. Singletary has been remarkably successful, despite the brevity of his book, in describing with important details the Mexican War. The book can be break into two main parts. The first part gives background which explains different reasons that played a decisive role for the break out of the war, and it relates the different campaigns that allowed the invasion of northern Mexico and the city of Mexico. The second half of the book deals with the way politician and generals behave during the war, and the book ends touching the role played by diplomacy in this war. The book has been organized in chronological order, which g...

Impact Technology Has on Small Businesses Essay

Technology has given the world a 360 degrees turn, as well as all businesses. Technology has a great impact on our society, culture, businesses and education. This essay will not only prove why it has an impact on small businesses but also prove how it makes technology so much better and efficient. | The Impact Technology has on Businesses The impact that technology can make on a small business is huge. Technology has made the world a more efficient and more organized place to succeed, and can help a small business be a big success and accomplishment. By making a website for your business, you can help the business expand by selling products through the website, by doing this you expand the business world wide and can increase profit. You can also organize your business in all aspect, simple tasks made in a business such as book keeping and record keeping can make so much simpler by using technology. Technology is not just computers but is phones also, which is an essential for any business to have. With technology small businesses can become world-wide businesses and exceed the main purpose and achievement of the owner. To begin with, technology has made businesses grow. By using computers to achieve simple task as book keeping can make the job easier and keep all papers organized. Computers can help perform many tasks that offices have to do, like book keeping. Microsoft excel can help you perform this task in one single page without confusions and with less work than by paper. This is because excel can perform calculations for you once you adapt it, it is as simple as that. You can perform book keeping, record keeping, and perform all kind of calculations fast, understandable and visible in a single page. Now a day, you can have your meetings with business partners who are around the world in front of your computer! You can use Phones which are also a part of technology, and without them you can’t make orders for your business, or talk to others business people who can help you make your business grow while making you grow as an owner and entrepreneur also. Productivity can also improve in so many ways by using technology. Technology is exciting and can make things happen in a blink of an eye, work can be so much easier for employees. For example, now supermarkets have advance machines in order to ring the customer’s supplies, if an error occurs the employee can easily delete it instead of ringing everything up again. Without the advance technology we have today, the employees would have to put all prices by hand meaning they have to memorize all prices and if an error occurs, they will have to ring everything up again in order for the total to be correct. Also by having meetings done at that instant online you can save all the time of flying across the world to meet with a business partner, so whatever was in concern can be fixed and finish what you have to do, meaning more progress and productivity. By producing a website for your business can you can help it grow and expand your business to many other countries and produce more profit. By making a website many more people can see what your business bring to the world and have to offer. While a website is world-wide, your customers are world-wide, meaning more goods and services the business provide will be obtained and sold. If you sell your merchandize through the web you can perform a test and see how many states and countries, would like to have one of your businesses around based on the location wants and needs and construct the business in that specific location. For that fact, that the owner can make the business grow in difference ways, he/she can grow as an entrepreneur also. Finally with technology, you can produce more profit. By using technology in several ways you can increase the income of the business. Obviously, if you can produce and sell more not only in your location of business but in the web and around the world in which you will expand your business to, you will sell and increase profit. The entrepreneur’s income will increase and his success will exceed what was thought to be achieved. Anyone can be an entrepreneur but only the ones who force themselves to do better, can achieve excellence. I think that to install various businesses is not what makes an entrepreneur is how you keep those business stabilize and running is what makes a great entrepreneur. Technology doesn’t have to be imported into the business, business can be technology. There are many businesses in which technology is the main purpose, some businesses produce and sell technology, all kinds and types of it. From computers to printers to phones, not only phones but smart phones and templates which can be made into computers, mp3 and iPod. These are gadgets that are nothing without technology; technology is what brings all these gadgets to live. Some businesses cannot produce without technology if you think of it. For example, supermarkets, when you go pay at the registers, most supermarkets are now complete made of technology, the weigh in order to know the prices of fruits and vegetables are connected to the computer which transfer the weight and gives you a price, the screen you look at to keep in check the prices, that’s connected to the same monitor and it all combines to the register. When you are ready to pay and it’s with your credit card, you pass it through a machine which is connected to all and the internet to get an approval. This all needs technology to function. Matthew Hohn said â€Å"Together with the advancement of science and technology, technological innovations grew along with it, resulting to the emergence of new equipment and gadgets. No matter how big or small your company is, technology brings both intangible and tangible benefits to become cost efficient and to meet the growing demands and needs of customers† in the article. I agree with him in every aspect, technology has advance the way to look into our world and experiences, and by connecting businesses with technology and the way it can change the whole business completely is incredible. It’s truly amazing how technology has changed our world in many different ways and completely. In conclusion, technology has gave business the chance to expand and grow in many ways, by increasing profit, increasing chances of making a being a better one and achieving all the success it thought it will. With technology small businesses can become a world-wide business which will exceed achievement. By becoming world-wide the business will exceed the main purpose and achievement of the owner. Technology can go a really long way especially when it’s combined with business and greatness.

Narrator Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper Essays

Narrator Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper Essays Narrator Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Narrator Analysis The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Essay Topic: The Yellow Wallpaper The short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Stetson, gives readers a first hand glimpse into the mind of a mentally disturbed woman fighting numerous and constant battles within herself and with others, one of them being post partum depression.The story is set in a historical period when it was typical for men to dominate over women.As illustrated in this story, the mentally disordered woman, possibly named Jane, is clearly at the mercy of her physician husband, John.He tells her what she can and cannot do, where she will sleep, and when she will take her medicine.Stetson consistently portrays the narrator as a progressively mentally disturbed woman that cannot seem to escape the thought that the wallpaper in her room takes on a life of its own while having some sort of power over her that she is not able to control.The unreliable narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† piques unceasing curiosity while describing mo re and more detailed and subjective ways she is reaching total insanity; telling the story from a first person point of view makes this story much more captivating than if told in a third person limited type narrative. By the woman’s early admittance that she is suffering from a temporary nervous depression, she immediately establishes herself as an unreliable narrator.An unreliable narrator is specifically defined as a narrator, whether in literature, film, or theatre, whose credibility has been seriously compromised.She further proves her unreliability throughout the entire story with example after example of obvious escalation of her illness.At an early point in the story she states, â€Å"if I were only well enough to write† and â€Å"I wish I could get well faster† (Stetson 649). These statements disclose to us some definite characteristics of an unreliable narrator sinceshe is openly admitting to being unwell.At another point she proclaims, â€Å"It is getting to be a great

Head-to-Toe Assessment Complete 12-Step Checklist

Head-to-Toe Assessment Complete 12-Step Checklist SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Need some info on conducting a head-to-toe assessment? Whether you are just looking for a quick head-to-toe assessment cheat sheet or a total guide to conducting a nursing head-to-toe assessment in a clinical setting, we’ve got you covered! We’ll start with a brief overview of the assessment process, then a quick head-to-toe assessment checklist. After that, we’ll do a deep dive on all the assessment steps, and wrap up with some example videos. What Is a Head-to-Toe Assessment? A head-to-toe nursing assessment is a comprehensive process that reviews the health of all major body systems (from â€Å"head-to-toe,† hence the name). head-to-toe assessments are usually performed by nurses as part of a physical exam, although physician assistants, EMTs, and doctors also sometimes perform head-to-toe assessments. Nurses and other clinicians may not perform a head-to-toe physical assessment for every single patient, depending on the setting they work in. They are typically a key part of primary care visits and annual physicals, but less common when the patient presents with a specific complaint or issue. Quick Head-to-Toe Assessment Checklist In case you’re just looking for a head-to-toe assessment cheat sheet, we’ve created a brief list here of the major things to check for. You can click on each of the body systems to be taken to a more in-depth description with instructions for that part of the head-to-toe assessment. Or maybe you’re looking for a nursing head-to-toe assessment form that you can print out and write on? We have that, too! Just click on this link for a PDF: Head-to-Toe Assessment Checklist Note that different health systems (or professors, if you’re a nursing student!) may have slightly different expectations for all of the specific tests you will perform as part of the head-to-toe assessment. While the below nursing head-to-toe assessment cheat sheet can function as a guide, be sure to comply with the specifications of your place of work or school. Also note that assessments for different sub-populations (like a pediatric head-to-toe assessment) may have different procedures. This is a general adult nursing head-to-toe assessment guide. So this is not a guide to head-to-toe assessment for cats and dogs. Assessment Tools Penlight BP cuff Thermometer Tongue depressor Stethoscope Sterile sharp object (like toothpick or pin) Sterile soft object (like cotton ball) Something for patient to smell (could be an alcohol swab) Vital Signs, Stats, and Neurological Indicators Oriented x 3 Assess temperature Measure blood pressure Assess heart rate Assess respiratory rate Height and weight Head/Face Check distribution and condition of hair Check scalp for bumps, nits, lesions, etc Palpate skull for tenderness Check for symmetrical facial movements Assess sharp and dull sensation on face Eyes Assess symmetry Eyebrow and eyelash distribution Check state of conjunctiva Check sclera Assess state of patient’s cornea PERRLA Check the six cardinal positions of the gaze Assess patient vision with Snellen Charts Ears Inspect and palpate auricle for lesions, tenderness Look inside ear; assess ear discharge and tympanic membrane Tuning fork tests (Weber’s Test, Rinne Test) Assess patient hearing with whisper test Nose Palpate nose and assess symmetry Check septum Check inside nostrils Verify that patient can breathe through each nostril Verify patient sense of smell is intact Palpate sinuses Mouth and Throat Moistness and color of lips Inspect teeth and gums Assess buccal mucosa and palate Examine tongue Look at uvula Look at tonsils Palpate jaw joint Neck and Shoulders Check neck range of motion Check shoulder shrug with resistance Palpate lymph nodes of the head, face, and neck (and under the arms) Palpate neck and trachea Check for JVD Lungs and Thorax Listen to lung sounds front and back Assess respiratory exclusion level Palpate thorax Assess spinal curvature Ask about coughing, respiratory issues Circulatory System Palpate carotid and temporal artery bilaterally Listen to heartbeat and heart valves Gastrointestinal System Inspect abdomen Listen to four quadrants of abdomen for bowel sounds Palpate four quadrants of abdomen for pain/tenderness Ask about problems with bowel or bladder Arms and Hands Assess range of motion and strength in arms/hands Check all pulses in arms Cap refill test on fingernails Check skin turgor Assess sharp and dull sensation on arms Legs and Feet Assess range of motion and strength in legs and ankles Check cap refill on toenails Check pulses of legs and feet Assess sharp and dull sensation on legs Assess gait Genitourinary Exam Check pubic hair for lice and nits Check for tenderness, lumps, lesions Breast Exam Palpate breasts Let's get started! In-Depth Guide to Conducting a Head-to-Toe Assessment Here’s our in-depth guide to conducting a head-to-toe assessment, complete with explanations and linked videos. We’ll start with some general principles to keep in mind throughout the assessment and then move on to a more detailed look at each of the tasks you’ll need to complete for each area/system of the body. 4 General Principles for Head-to-Toe Nursing Assessments Here are four general principles to keep in mind as you conduct your head-to-toe assessment. #1: Documentation Is Important Remember that head-to-toe assessment documentation is a critical part of the process. If you don’t write down your findings, how will you remember them all to translate patient needs into a comprehensive care plan? Many people use nursing head-to-toe checklists or forms to make sure they remember everything and to document patient results. #2: Communicate Throughout Be sure to communicate clearly with your patient throughout the assessment. Always ask before you start touching the patient, and explain what you are doing as you do it. Additionally, ask patient about how they have been feeling. They are the expert on their own body! #3: Keep an Eye on Bilateral Symmetry The human body is, in general, bilaterally symmetrical (i.e., the left side is the same as the right side). When you are examining a patient, make note of any unusual asymmetry. If a patient is weaker on one side than another, or has limited range of motion, or one side seems limper or otherwise different from the other side, there could be an underlying neurological or musculoskeletal issue. #4: Assess Skin Throughout The skin is a great barometer of overall wellness. Note if patient’s skin seems unusually pale, flushed, cold, hot, clammy, or dry anywhere throughout the exam. Also not any lesions, abrasions, or rashes. You might not have a barometer, but you definitely have skin. Step 1: Check Vital Signs and Neurological Indicators The first things you'll want to check are patient vital signs and overall neurological status. Oriented x 3 Is patient alert and responsive? Ask if they can tell you their name, if they know where they are, and what day it is. If yes, patient is â€Å"alert and oriented x 3.† Assess Temperature Take patient temperature and assess whether it is in the normal range. Record whether the temperature was taken orally, rectally, in the ear, at the forehead, or in the armpit as these methods have differing accuracy levels. Measure Blood Pressure In professional settings, you may have an automatic blood pressure cuff or you may need to take blood pressure manually. (As a student you’ll likely need to demonstrate that you can take blood pressure manually). To measure blood pressure manually: First find the brachial pulse, on the inside of the patient’s elbow. Tightly secure the cuff about one inch above the elbow bend (you should be able to fit about two fingers between the cuff and the patient’s arm). Place your stethoscope (diaphragm or bell) over the pulse. Verify that you can hear the brachial pulse. Inflate the cuff until the gauge reads at about 180 mmHg. You should no longer hear the brachial pulse through the stethoscope. Allow the cuff to deflate gradually. The systolic BP is the measurement of the gauge the moment you hear the brachial pulse again. The diastolic BP is the measuring of the gauge when you stop hearing that pulse. Here’s an in-depth guide to taking manual blood pressure with a video. (There’s a briefer video with all the vital signs below). Assess Heart Rate When you measure the heart rate, you’ll count the beats per minute over a patient pulse point with two fingers (not the thumb, which has its own pulse and can mess up the reading). You’ll usually assess at the radial pulse (wrist) or the carotid pulse (neck). Normal adult BPM is about 60-100, although athletes can have lower heart rates. In a patient with a regular heartbeat, you can take the pulse for 30 seconds and just multiple by two, but if the beat seems irregular, go for at least a full minute. Assess Respiratory Rate Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute, which you can tell from the rise and fall of the patient’s chest. If you tell a patient you are assessing their breathing, they may actually change their breath rate, so it’s best to assess this surreptitiously after you take the pulse rate. 12 to 20 breaths per minute is the normal adult range. Here’s a quick video guide to checking all the vital signs. This video includes oxygen saturation, which you may or may not need to assess. Height and Weight You may also take patient’s height and weight as part of a head-to-toe assessment. Sadly, "number of puppies seen recently" is not a vital sign. Step 2: Examine Head and Face These steps will have you check the overall condition of the head and face. Subsequent sections will be devoted to the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. Check Distribution and Condition of Hair Is hair healthy? Evenly distributed? Is it thinning in places? Note any abnormalities, like unusual brittleness or uneven thinning. Check Scalp for Bumps, Nits, Lesions, Etc. Part hair in several places on the scalp to check for bumps, sores, or scabs on the skin. Assess dryness and dandruff. Also check if there are lice or nits present in the hair. Palpate Skull for Tenderness Palpate the skull to determine if there are any tender or sore areas. Check for Symmetrical Facial Movements Have patient smile, frown, raise eyebrows, and puff out cheeks. If patient can move face at will, movements are symmetrical, and there are no involuntary movement, cranial nerve VII is intact. Assess Sharp and Dull Sensation on Face This test assesses the state of cranial nerve V. Hold a sterile, sharp object (like a needle or pin) in one hand and a soft item (like a cotton ball or q-tip) in the other. Ask patient to close eyes and identify whether the sensation they are feeling is sharp or dull. Gently touch the patient’s face in different places with the sharp item or the dull item, varying the order. His head doesn't look so good to me. Step 3: Inspect Eyes When checking patient eyes, you'll assess both patient vision and the health of the eye tissues like the conjunctiva, sclera, and cornea. Assess Symmetry Verify that eyes are symmetrical, that the palpebral fissures are equal and there is no ptosis. Have patient blink; make sure that eyes close completely Eyebrow and Eyelash Distribution Assess state of eyelashes and eyebrows; should be symmetrical and evenly distributed. Check State of Conjunctiva You can assess the conjunctiva by gently applying downward pressure to the skin below the patient’s eyes. Conjunctiva should be pinkish and free of lesions. Unusually pale conjunctiva can be a sign of anemia, and inflammation or infection can cause red conjunctiva. Check Sclera Gently hold patient lids open and examine whites of the patient’s eyes (can be done simultaneously while assessing conjunctiva). They should be white in color with some capillaries visible. There may be some spots of pigmentation but there should not be lesions or yellowness. Assess State of Patient’s Corneas You can examine the cornea by shining your penlight indirectly across the patient’s eye (so not directly into their eyes but shining from the side). This will illuminate the cornea, which should be smooth and clear. The features of the iris should be clearly visible through the cornea. Additionally, patient should blink when cornea is touched gently with something sterile (the corneal reflex). PERRLA PERRLA is an acronym that means that pupils are equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation. This can be tested with a penlight and assesses the state of cranial nerves II and III. You should first look at the pupils to ensure that they are round and equal in size (PER). To check that they are reactive to light, dim the room and move the penlight back and forth between the eyes. Both pupils should constrict equally in response to the light (direct and consensual response). To check that they accommodate, move your finger (or the penlight) slowly closer to the patient’s face. The patient’s pupils should constrict as the object comes closer. Here is a how-to video for checking PERRLA. Check Six Cardinal Positions of the Gaze Hold your penlight or finger about one foot in front of patient’s face. Ask them to follow the movements of your penlight or finger with their eyes only (without moving the head/neck). Move the penlight or finger out to the six cardinal positions of the gaze, moving back into the center before proceeding to the next one (like you are drawing out a compass rose). The patient should be able to hold their gaze at each of the six cardinal positions without any jerking (nystagmus). This test assesses the health of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Assess Patient Vision with Snellen Chart Ask patient to stand the appropriate distance away from the Snellen Chart. (Distance from a standard chart is 20 feet, but your health care setting may use a special chart where the patient should stand a different distance away.) Have them first cover one eye and read the smallest row of letters that they can. Have them repeat with the other eye. If the patient wears glasses or contacts, test both with and without vision correction so you can assess the adequacy of the vision correction. Here’s some info on interpreting Snellen Chart results. If the eyes are the window to the soul, you'll be seeing a lot of souls. Step 4: Evaluate Ears As with the eyes, you'll assess both the health of the ear tissue and sensing function (i.e. hearing). Inspect and Palpate Auricle for Lesions, Tenderness Skin of the auricle (and behind) should be intact. Cartilage should be firm with no tenderness on palpation. Auricles should be roughly symmetrical. Look Inside Ear; Assess Ear Discharge and Tympanic Membrane Pull the pinna/auricle upwards and backwards to straighten the ear canal and examine the tympanic membrane in adults (pull down and back in children). Some yellow or brown cerumen (earwax) is normal. Tympanic membrane (eardrum) should be a translucent pearly gray color; note abnormal color or rupture. [picture of tympanic membrane from wikimedia commons] Tuning Fork Tests (Weber’s Test, Rinne Test) The Weber and Rinne tests both check for different kinds of hearing loss. For the Weber test, strike the tuning fork and then place the base of the fork on the center of the patient’s forehead. Sounds should be equal in both ears. If sound is stronger in one ear or the other, indicates possible hearing loss. For the Rinne test, strike the tuning fork and place the base against the mastoid process. Start a stopwatch. Tell the patient to tell you when they stop hearing the sound of the tuning fork. When they stop hearing the sound, move the tuning fork so the forks are in front of the ear (and note the time on your stopwatch). Tell them to tell you when they stop hearing the sound again. Patient should hear the sound of the tuning fork through the air (in front of the air) 2x longer than through the bone. Repeat on the other ear. Assess Patient Hearing with Whisper Test Stand next to and a little behind patient (about 2 feet away) so they cannot read your lips. Ask patient to cover opposite ear. Whisper a two-three syllable word and ask patient to repeat it back to you. Repeat with the other ear (and a different word!) Are you ready to get out your trusty tuning fork? Step 5: Check Nose You'll be checking the nose both externally and internally. Palpate Nose and Assess Symmetry Gently palpate nose for any tenderness. Make sure nose is in midline and symmetrical. Excessive flaring of the nostrils may indicate respiratory distress. Check Septum Use penlight to illuminate septum to check that it is midline and not perforated. Check Inside Nostrils Shine penlight in each nostril. Check that membranes are pink and that there is no discharge or lesions. Turbinates should not be swollen. Verify Patency of Nares Have patient close one nostril with fingertip and breathe in and out through that nostril. Repeat with other nostril. If patient cannot exhale through each naris, the nasal passage is occluded. Verify Patient Sense of Smell is Intact Ask patient to close eyes. Hold easily scented item (like coffee beans, cinnamon, or even an alcohol-soaked cotton ball) under the nose and ask patient to identify scent. Palpate Sinuses Gently palpate patient frontal and maxillary sinuses. Frontal sinuses are palpable over patient eyebrows. Maxillary sinuses are palpable on the cheek just outside the nares. Patient should not feel tenderness to pressure. "Ma'am, I'm going to have to ask you to remove your fingers from your nose so I can examine it properly." Step 6: Probe Mouth and Throat Again, like the nose, you'll assess the health of the mouth and throat both externally and by looking inside. Moistness and Color of Lips Lips should be colorful, pinkish, roughly symmetrical, and free of lesions. Very cracked or chapped lips could be a symptom of a number of issues, from dehydration to wind exposure to autoimmune conditions. Inspect Teeth and Gums Assess patient teeth for number (28 in children, 32 in adults), color, and alignment. Note any cavities or chips. Assess gums for bleeding, puffiness, or retraction (the pulling of the gum away from the tooth, which can give teeth an â€Å"elongated† appearance). Also note presence of halitosis; gum disease and oral infection are some of the most common causes of bad breath. Assess Buccal Mucosa and Palate The membranes of the mouth and cheek should be pink, moist, and free of lesions. Examine Tongue Tongue should be midline, pink with white taste buds, and free of lesions. Patient should be able to move tongue without difficulty. Look at Uvula Patient uvula should be in the midline, pink or reddish in color, and free of swelling or lesions. When the patients says â€Å"ah,† uvula should move forward and up. (This tests cranial nerve X.) Look at Tonsils Depress tongue to inspect tonsils for inflammation, infection, swelling and tonsil stones. Infected tonsils are often red and puffy with white or yellow patches. Palpate Jaw Joint Palpate the jaw joint (the temporomandibular joint) while patient’s mouth is closed, and then again while it is open. Patient should be able to open and close mouth without pain and there should be no pain on palpation. What plentiful mouths you have! Step 7: Examine Neck and Shoulders In the neck and shoulders, you'll primarily assess musculoskeletal function, but you'll also assess the lymph nodes and a few other things. Check Neck Range of Motion Ask patient to look up, down, left, and right to assess that they have full range of motion in the neck. Ask if there is any pain (should be painless). Check Shoulder Shrug with Resistance Ask patient to shrug shoulders. Movement should be symmetrical and painless. Then, place hands on shoulders and ask patient to shrug again. Apply resistance. Patient should still be able to shrug with about equal force on each side. Palpate Lymph Nodes of the Head, Face, and Neck (and Under the Arms) Using the first two or three fingers (using the flat pads as opposed to the fingertips), you’ll palpate the following lymph nodes by moving the skin over the area in a circular motion: the occipital, posterior auricular, pre-auricular, sub-mandibular, sub-mental, anterior cervical chain, posterior cervical chain, and the supraclavicular lymph nodes. You may also wish to palpate the axillary lymph nodes, under the arms. Here is a video of lymph node palpation. Observe/Palpate Trachea and Neck Palpate neck to feel for any lumps, deviations, or tenderness in the neck, especially the trachea area. You may also wish to palpate the thyroid, which requires a glass of water and can be done from the front (anterior approach) or behind (posterior approach). Check for JVD Jugular Venous Distension refers simply to an abnormally full or bulging jugular vein in the neck. It can be a sign of serious heart disease. To assess JVD, you’ll want to lay the patient down with the head of the hospital bed at a 45-degree angle. If you can see the bulging jugular vein in the side of the neck, the patient has JVD. Here’s a video so you can see what JVD looks like and how it is diagnosed. It would take a long time to palpate a giraffe neck. Step 8: Assess Lungs and Thorax When examining the chest area, you'll primarily be assessing respiratory function. Listen to Lung Sounds Front and Back You’ll be listening to the lungs up and down each lung, front and back, with your stethoscope to assess for any irregular breathing sounds. Here’s an in-depth video guide to lung auscultation as well as a guide to regular and irregular lung sounds. Assess Respiratory Expansion Level To assess respiratory expansion, place your hands on the patient’s mid-back with thumbs at midline. Ask them to take a deep breath. Both sides of the chest should expand equally with breath. Palpate thorax Palpate the thorax for any areas of tenderness, lumps, asymmetry, lesions, etc. Assess Spinal Curvature Spine should appear vertical when viewed from the back (with no scoliosis). Should exhibit normal curvature from the side. Ask About Coughing, Respiratory Issues Ask patient if they are experiencing any coughing or other respiratory problems. If they are coughing, is it a dry cough or a wet cough? Lungs or alien heads? You decide! Step 9: Check Circulatory System Function Assessing the circulatory system is something you'll actually be doing throughout the exam as you assess various pulses. but as you are assessing the chest, you'll want to examine the heart. Palpate the Carotid and Temporal Pulses Bilaterally Using index and middle fingers, feel the carotid pulse (at the side of the neck) and the temporal pulse (at the temple). Since you already checked pulse rate, you don’t need to listen for a whole minute; just verify that the pulse is palpable and regular in rhythm. Listen to Heartbeat and Heart Valves You’ll need to listen to the patient’s heart in four places with your stethoscope: the aortic valve, the pulmonic valve, the tricuspid valve, and the mitral valve. You’ll be listening for any irregularities in rhythm or irregular sounds during valve closures. Here’s an in-depth video describing how to find and listen to all of these valves, an overview of heart sounds, and a short video showing how to auscultate the heart if you just need a quick refresher. These hearts don't circulate blood very well. Step 9: Review Gastrointestinal System You'll assess the gastrointestinal system by examining the abdomen and asking the patient questions. Inspect Abdomen Inspect patient abdomen for any visible lumps, lesions, or distension or concavity. Listen to 4 Quadrants of Abdomen for Bowel Sounds Visually dividing the abdomen into four quadrants with the belly button as the midline, listen to bowel sounds in each quadrant. Judge if sounds are hypoactive, hyperactive, or absent. If you do hear sounds, you may only need to listen for several seconds in each quadrant. However, you should listen to each quadrant for five minutes before you determine that there are no bowel sounds. Here’s a video. Palpate 4 Quadrants of Abdomen for Pain/Tenderness After you listen to the sounds, palpate the four quadrants of the abdomen for any pain, tenderness, or lumps with your fingers. Here’s a video showing how to do it. Ask About Problems With Bowel or Bladder Ask patient when their last bowel movement was. Also ask if appetite, bowel movements, and urination have been normal. Aren't you glad that humans don't actually have transparent skin? Step 10: Inspect Arms and Hands In the extremities, you'll assess musculoskeletal function, sensory function, circulation, and tissue perfusion. Assess Range of Motion and Strength in Arms Have patient demonstrate range of motion in arms and hands. They should be able to roll shoulders, show flexion and extension of the elbow joint, circle the hands around the wrist joint, and demonstrate full flexion and extension of the wrist without pain. Also have patient squeeze push against your hands, pull your hands towards them, and squeeze your fingers to assess strength, which should be equal bilaterally. Here’s a video showing this process. Check All Pulses in Arms There are two major pulses in the arms: the radial pulse (at the wrist) and the brachial pulse (in the inner elbow). If you already checked the radial and brachial pulses while you were taking vitals, you can skip this step. It’s most important to check that the pulses are palpable and regular in rhythm. Cap Refill Test on Fingernails To check tissue perfusion, pinch one of the patient’s fingertips, applying pressure to the nail. When you release the fingertip, the nail bed should return to a normal color within 3 seconds. Check Skin Turgor On the back of the hand or forearm, pinch skin. It should immediately snap back to position upon release without â€Å"tenting† (remaining pinched upright). Tenting indicates dehydration or fluid volume deficit (link). However, note that this is not an effective test of skin turgor on elderly patients, as lower skin elasticity means their skin often tents regardless of their fluid levels! Assess Sharp and Dull Sensation on Arms Take your sterile, sharp object (like a needle or pin) in one hand and your soft item (like a cotton ball or q-tip) in the other. Ask patient to close eyes and identify whether the sensation they are feeling is sharp or dull. Gently touch the patient’s arms in different places with the sharp item or the dull item, varying the order. The hands are fine, but where's the rest of you? Step : Examine Legs and Feet You'll perform most of the same examinations on the lower extremities that you did on the upper extremities. Assess Range of Motion and Strength in Legs and Ankles You should test range of motion of the lower extremities with the patient lying down. Patient should be able to flex and extend the ankle joint, and circle the foot. Patient should also be able to bend the knee and then move leg outward (to test hip ROM) on each side. There should be no pain. To assess strength, patient should push against your hands on the top of their feet, push down against your hands on the bottom of your feet, and push up against your hand on their shin. Strength should be equal bilaterally. Here’s a video of these tests (she starts with strength and then tests ROM). Check Cap Refill on Toenails Perform the cap refill test on one of the patient’s toenails. After applying pressure, the patient’s nail bed should return to a normal color by 3 seconds. Check Pulses of Legs and Feet There are four major pulse points on the legs and feet: femoral (hip/groin), popliteal (behind knee), posterior tibial (ankle) and dorsalis pedis (top of foot). Palpate the pulses of the legs and feet with your middle two or three fingers (not the thumb, which has its own pulse!) As you’ve already taken the pulse rate at this point, it’s not necessarily the rate that’s critical here but the regularity and strength of the pulse. Pulse should be palpable and regular. Assess Sharp and Dull Sensation on Legs Repeat the sharp and dull sensation test on the patient’s legs. Take your sterile, sharp object and your soft item. Ask patient to close eyes and identify whether the sensation they are feeling is sharp or dull. Gently touch the patient’s legs in different places with the sharp item or the dull item, varying the order. Assess Gait Observe patient gait (can be done when patient gets up to complete Snellen chart). Should be symmetrical, regular, and balanced. I bet they have complete range of motion and strength in their lower extremities. Optional Step 1: Complete Genitourinary Exam You may not always perform a genitourinary exam as part of a head-to-toe assessment. However, if you do, here are the main things you’ll be checking for: Check Pubic Hair for Lice and Nits Assess for presence of lice or nits in pubic hair. Check for Tenderness, Lumps, Lesions Check for any unusual tenderness, lumps, or lesions on the external genitalia. For men, this will involve lightly palpating the penis and testicles. Optional Step 2: Perform Breast Exam You may or may not need to perform a breast exam in your head-to-toe assessment- sometimes it’s advised to only perform them on symptomatic men or older women. However, here’s an in-depth guide to palpating the breast and feeling for unusual lumps. I almost made a melon joke, but then I decided it was low-hanging fruit. Heads So you can get an idea of how the entire process plays out in real time (and also how it may vary from institution to institution), we’ve gathered a few videos that are useful head-to-toe assessment examples. If you’re looking for more examples, you can find lots of example videos of student assessments on Youtube (just type in â€Å"head-to-toe assessment nursing†). However, be aware that every student is going off of a different professor’s rubric, and not everything may be 100% correct! Student Head This example video shows a nursing student performing an efficient but thorough sample assessment. Florida State College at Jacksonville Student Example This head-to-toe assessment video shows a particularly detailed assessment procedure performed by a nursing student. This video is particularly helpful because the student clearly describes what each step indicates about body function. Capital Community College Assessment This head-to-toe nursing assessment video is useful because it presents the assessment in a realistic-seeming care setting with a patient who asks questions. It also shows the nurse asking questions about the patient’s life quality, and closely explaining every step of the assessment so that the patient knows what’s happening. We made it all the way from head to toe! Time for a nap. Review: Completing a Head-to-Toe Assessment In this guide to the head-to-toe physical assessment, we provided the resources you need to complete a comprehensive head-to-toe nursing assessment! We have a nursing head-to-toe assessment form for you to use as a guide as well as in-depth guidance to every step of the assessment process. We also included several head-to-toe assessment videos so you can see the whole process in action! What's Next? If you're looking for more information on clinical care, we have guides to making care plans for decreased cardiac output and fluid volume deficit. We have a complete list of ICD-10 codes for diabetes and for abdominal pain. Want more information about heart positioning? Or about blood pressure readings? We've got you covered. Considering going into healthcare administration instead? We have a list of the top programs and what degrees you'll need for which jobs in this article.